globi_interactions — Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI, 2026)

Description

Species interactions compiled by Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI), an open infrastructure that indexes and integrates existing datasets of interactions between organisms: predator-prey (e.g. eats, preysOn), parasite-host (e.g. parasiteOf, endoparasiteOf, hasHost), pathogen-host, pollination and flower visits (visitsFlowersOf, pollinates), symbiosis, and many others, from hundreds of studies, museum collections, citizen-science observations (e.g. iNaturalist), and literature-mining efforts. The data are those of the "interpreted data products" release 0.11 of September 2026, in which the names of the organisms given in the datasets were linked to taxonomic name authorities (e.g. Catalogue of Life, NCBI Taxonomy, GBIF, WoRMS, ITIS, EOL, Wikidata).

Nodes are taxa (mostly species and genera), identified by their interpreted name; names that could not be linked to a taxonomic authority are kept as given in the dataset (their taxon_id is no:match). A directed edge from taxon A to taxon B is an interaction record, e.g. "A eats B" or "A is a parasite of B", in the direction of the source of the record; a pair of taxa is connected by as many edges as there are records of interactions between them, each with its type, the dataset it comes from, and, if given, the location and date of the observation.

interactions: the interaction records.
refuted: the refuted interaction records, i.e. records stating that an interaction does not happen (e.g. that a predator does not eat a prey), which GloBI publishes separately.

Left out are the occurrence-level details of the records (life stage, sex, body part, physiological state and basis of record of the organisms, the specimens' catalog numbers, and the locality names), the references (bibliographic citations of the studies, which are given by GloBI for each dataset), and the records whose source or target has no name at all (their number is given by the graph property unnamed_records). The names as given in the datasets ("verbatim" names, before their interpretation) are also not included.

The networks have the following properties:

name: the name of the taxon.
taxon_id: the identifier of the taxon in a name authority, e.g. COL:..., NCBI:9606, GBIF:... (no:match if the name could not be linked; that of the first record of the taxon, if several were used).
rank: the taxonomic rank of the taxon, e.g. species, genus (empty if not known).
path: the taxonomic hierarchy of the taxon, from the root down, separated by | (empty if not known).
kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus: the names of the higher taxa of the taxon (empty if not known); they follow the name authority used, e.g. Animalia or Metazoa for the kingdom.
Edge interaction: the type of the interaction, as named by GloBI (OBO Relation Ontology), e.g. eats, parasiteOf, pollinates, interactsWith.
Edge dataset: the dataset (GitHub repository or other source indexed by GloBI) the record comes from, e.g. globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist.
Edge latitude, longitude: the coordinates of the observation (NaN if not given).
Edge time: the date of the observation, in Unix time (NaN if not given; some datasets give dates that are obviously wrong, e.g. in the year 5, which are kept as they are).
unnamed_records (graph): the number of records left out, since their source or target has no name.

Tags

Biological Food web Unweighted Multigraph Timestamps Metadata

Citation

J. H. Poelen, J. D. Simons, C. J. Mungall, "Global biotic interactions: An open infrastructure to share and analyze species-interaction datasets." Ecological Informatics 24, 148-159 (2014) 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2014.08.005 Sci-Hub

Upstream URL OK

https://www.globalbioticinteractions.org/
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22691479

Upstream license

CC0 1.0 (the records come from datasets with their own citations), https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/

Networks

Tip: click on a column header to sort the list, or hover over it for a description.

Column legend

$\left<k\right>$: Mean degree
$\sigma_k$: Standard deviation of the degrees
$\lambda_h$: Largest eigenvalue of the Hashimoto (non-backtracking) matrix
$\tau$: Random walk mixing time
$r$: Degree assortativity
$c$: Global clustering coefficient
$\oslash$: (Pseudo-) diameter
$S$: Relative size of the largest component
NPs: Node properties
EPs: Edge properties

Name	Nodes	Edges	$\left<k\right>$	$\sigma_k$	$\lambda_h$	$\tau$	$r$	$c$	$\oslash$	$S$	Kind	Mode	NPs	EPs	gt	GraphML	GML	csv
interactions	1,161,090	24,453,954	21.06	2237.34	497.22	11844.72	0.47	0.12	26	0.92	Directed	Unipartite	taxon_id name rank path kingdom phylum class order family genus	interaction dataset latitude longitude time	99.8 MiB	168.8 MiB	158.0 MiB	149.8 MiB
refuted	32,043	525,879	16.41	213.47	189.33	270.93	0.11	0.01	19	0.96	Directed	Unipartite	taxon_id name rank path kingdom phylum class order family genus	interaction dataset latitude longitude time	1.9 MiB	4.2 MiB	3.5 MiB	3.1 MiB