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gridkit — GridKit high-voltage grids of Europe and North America (2016)

Description

Networks of the high-voltage electricity transmission grids of Europe and North America, extracted from OpenStreetMap (OSM) (europe and north_america) and from the interactive map of ENTSO-E (entsoe, see below) by B. Wiegmans with GridKit, a toolkit developed in the context of the SciGRID project that transforms the OSM power objects (lines, cables and stations) into a topologically connected network model by spatial analysis. The OSM extracts were made in March 2016, and contain the high-voltage part of the grids as selected by GridKit (according to its documentation, lines of 220 kV and above, at any frequency other than the 16.7 Hz of railway power; a part of the lines have no voltage in OSM, and some lines of lower voltage remain).

In the OSM extracts, a node is a station or a junction of lines, and an edge is a line or cable between two nodes. There is one network for each continent, europe and north_america. The networks are undirected; some pairs of nodes are joined by several lines (parallel edges), and the networks are not connected (they have 86 and 41 components, respectively). The geometries of the lines (their courses as polylines) are not included, and neither are the columns of the line parameters (resistance, reactance, capacitance, thermal limit, and the OSM relation), which are empty in the extracts. Most attributes are taken from the OSM tags, and can hold several values separated by semicolons (e.g. for lines with several circuits of different voltages).

The networks have the following properties:

The network entsoe comes from another dataset of B. Wiegmans: an unofficial extract (of May 11, 2016) of the interactive map of the European power system of ENTSO-E (the European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity), including to a limited extent North Africa and the Middle East, processed by GridKit to form a topologically connected network. It is neither approved nor endorsed by ENTSO-E, and, according to its documentation, its coordinates follow the map, which favors topological clarity over geographical accuracy, its voltages are the lower bounds of the ranges of the map (not available for all lines, especially DC lines), and its transformers and the connections of the generators are not in the map, but were inferred (transformers between buses of different voltages within the same station, and generators connected to the nearest station at its lowest voltage). Its nodes are buses (a station can have several buses, of different voltages, connected by transformers; junctions of lines are synthetic stations of type joint), and its edges are the lines and cables between them and the transformers within stations (edge property kind). It has parallel edges and is not connected (139 components). The generators are kept as node properties of the buses they are connected to, and the geometries of the lines are not included.

The networks europe and north_america have the following properties:

  • Nodes: vid, the GridKit id of the node; type, the kind of node (joint, merge, substation, sub_station, station, plant, ...); voltage, the voltage(s) (V); frequency, the frequency(-ies) (Hz); name, operator and ref, the name, operator and reference of the station in OSM; latitude and longitude, the geographical position.
  • Edges: lid, the GridKit id of the line; voltage, the voltage(s) (V); cables, the number(s) of cables; wires, the number(s) of wires per cable bundle; frequency, the frequency(-ies) (Hz); name, operator and ref, the name, operator and reference of the line in OSM; length, the length of the line (m). Missing values are empty strings (or NaN).

The network entsoe has the following properties:

  • Nodes: bus_id and station_id, the ids of the bus and of its station; type, the type of station (e.g. Substation, joint, or a kind of power plant); voltage, the voltage (kV; empty if not available); dc, whether the bus is a HVDC terminal; under_construction, whether the station is under construction; name and name_national, the name of the station in English and in the national language; country, the country code; tso, the transmission system operator (where given); tags, all the attributes of the map (in hstore format); latitude and longitude, the position; generator_types and generator_capacities, the types and capacities (MW; -1 or NaN if unknown) of the generators connected to the bus.
  • Edges: kind, line (a line or cable), transformer or ac/dc (a converter); lid, the id of the line or transformer; voltage, the voltage of the line (kV), or the voltages of the two buses of a transformer separated by a semicolon; circuits, the number of circuits of the line (0 for transformers); dc, whether the line is a HVDC line, or the transformer a converter; underground, whether the line is an underground cable; under_construction, whether the line is under construction; length, the length of the line (m; NaN for transformers); symbol, the description of the line in the map (e.g. 380-400 kV Transmission Line, 1 Circuit); tie_line, whether the line is a tie line between countries; tags, all the attributes of the line in the map (in hstore format).
Tags
Technological Power grid Spatial Weighted Multigraph Metadata
Citation
Upstream URL OK
https://zenodo.org/records/47317
https://zenodo.org/records/55853
https://github.com/bdw/GridKit
Upstream license
Open Data Commons Open Database License (ODbL) v1.0 (europe, north_america); Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) (entsoe), https://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/1-0/
Networks
Tip: click on a column header to sort the list, or hover over it for a description.
Column legend
$\left<k\right>$
Mean degree
$\sigma_k$
Standard deviation of the degrees
$\lambda_h$
Largest eigenvalue of the Hashimoto (non-backtracking) matrix
$\tau$
Random walk mixing time
$r$
Degree assortativity
$c$
Global clustering coefficient
$\oslash$
(Pseudo-) diameter
$S$
Relative size of the largest component
NPs
Node properties
EPs
Edge properties
Name Nodes Edges $\left<k\right>$ $\sigma_k$ $\lambda_h$ $\tau$ $r$ $c$ $\oslash$ $S$ Kind Mode NPs EPs gt GraphML GML csv
europe 13,871 18,804 2.71 1.55 2.98 24130.40 0.11 0.09 147 0.97 Undirected Unipartite vid type voltage frequency name operator ref latitude longitude lid voltage cables wires frequency name operator ref length 893 KiB 1.1 MiB 1.1 MiB 1.2 MiB
north_america 16,174 22,459 2.78 1.55 3.63 36239.29 0.18 0.08 138 0.93 Undirected Unipartite vid type voltage frequency name operator ref latitude longitude lid voltage cables wires frequency name operator ref length 919 KiB 1.2 MiB 1.2 MiB 1.2 MiB
entsoe 7,893 10,844 2.75 1.44 3.03 14924.45 0.03 0.06 111 0.90 Undirected Unipartite bus_id station_id type voltage dc under_construction name name_national country tso tags latitude longitude generator_types generator_capacities kind lid voltage circuits dc underground under_construction length symbol tie_line tags 562 KiB 703 KiB 690 KiB 759 KiB
Ridiculograms*
europe drawing
europe
north_america drawing
north_america
entsoe drawing
entsoe
* These are automatically generated force-directed visualizations, and can be quite meaningless for networks both big and small. They should not be taken seriously as sources of scientific insight. See here for a discussion.