pypsa_eur_grid — European high-voltage grid from OpenStreetMap (PyPSA-Eur, 2024-2026)

Description

Networks of the European high-voltage electricity transmission grid (220 kV to 750 kV), built by B. Xiong, D. Fioriti, F. Neumann, I. Riepin and T. Brown from OpenStreetMap (OSM) data, as the prebuilt grid of the open energy system model PyPSA-Eur. The OSM power data (substations, lines, cables and high-voltage direct current links) of 35 European countries (36, with Kosovo, in version 0.7) were retrieved with the Overpass API and cleaned with heuristics that complete missing or ambiguous electrical parameters (e.g. the voltage and the number of circuits of lines); substations close to each other are aggregated into single buses (within 5 km in the first versions, within 500 m from version 0.5 on), and the lines are split and joined so that the grid is topologically connected.

A node is a bus, i.e. a (possibly aggregated) substation at a given voltage level, so that a substation with several voltage levels is represented by several buses, and an edge is one of the elements of the grid joining two buses: an alternating current (AC) line or cable, a direct current (DC) link, a transformer between two voltage levels, or an AC/DC converter (the edge property type). The networks are undirected; several elements may join the same pair of buses (parallel edges).

The dataset is updated as OSM and the cleaning workflow change; each of its seven versions, from 0.1 (July 2024) to 0.7 (February 2026), is a separate network, named after the version (v0.1, ..., v0.7). The geometries of the lines (their courses as polylines) and of the substations are not included, and neither are the interactive maps of the later versions.

The networks have the following properties (some columns exist only in later versions of the data, as indicated):

(Node) name: the bus identifier (derived from the OSM ids of the substation).
(Node) voltage: the voltage level (kV).
(Node) dc: whether the bus is a direct current bus.
(Node) symbol: the kind of bus (e.g. Substation).
(Node) under_construction: whether it is under construction.
(Node) osm_ids: the OSM elements of the bus (from version 0.5 on).
(Node) latitude and longitude: the geographical position.
(Node) country: the two-letter country code.
(Edge) type: the kind of element (line, link, transformer or converter).
(Edge) name: the element's identifier (for lines and links derived from the OSM ids, which can be looked up on OpenStreetMap).
(Edge) voltage: the voltage of lines, links and converters (kV, from version 0.3 on for converters).
(Edge) voltage_bus0 and voltage_bus1: the voltages of the two sides of transformers (kV).
(Edge) circuits: the number of circuits of lines.
(Edge) length: the length of lines and links (m).
(Edge) p_nom: the nominal power of links (and of converters, from version 0.5 on) (MW).
(Edge) s_nom: the nominal apparent power of transformers (from version 0.5 on) and lines (from version 0.6 on) (MVA).
(Edge) i_nom (kA): r (Ω), x (Ω) and b (S), the nominal current, resistance, reactance and susceptance of lines, and line_type, the standard line type assumed for these parameters (from version 0.6 on).
(Edge) underground and under_construction: whether the line or link is an underground cable and whether it is under construction.
(Edge) osm_ids: the OSM elements making up the line or link (from version 0.5 on). Values that do not apply to an element are NaN (or empty, or false).

Tags

Technological Power grid Spatial Weighted Multigraph Metadata

Added

2026-10-27

Citation

B. Xiong, D. Fioriti, F. Neumann, I. Riepin, T. Brown, "Modelling the high-voltage grid using open data for Europe and beyond." Scientific Data 12, 277 (2025) 10.1038/s41597-025-04550-7 Sci-Hub
B. Xiong, D. Fioriti, F. Neumann, I. Riepin, T. Brown, "Prebuilt Electricity Network for PyPSA-Eur based on OpenStreetMap Data." Zenodo, versions 0.1-0.7 (2024-2026) 10.5281/zenodo.12799201 Sci-Hub

Upstream URL OK

https://zenodo.org/records/18619025

Upstream license

Open Data Commons Open Database License (ODbL) v1.0, https://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/1-0/

Networks

Tip: click on a column header to sort the list, or hover over it for a description.

Column legend

$\left<k\right>$: Mean degree
$\sigma_k$: Standard deviation of the degrees
$\lambda_h$: Largest eigenvalue of the Hashimoto (non-backtracking) matrix
$\tau$: Random walk mixing time
$r$: Degree assortativity
$c$: Global clustering coefficient
$\oslash$: (Pseudo-) diameter
$S$: Relative size of the largest component
NPs: Node properties
EPs: Edge properties

Name	Nodes	Edges	$\left<k\right>$	$\sigma_k$	$\lambda_h$	$\tau$	$r$	$c$	$\oslash$	$S$	Kind	Mode	NPs	EPs	gt	GraphML	GML	csv
v0.1	5,741	8,299	2.89	1.60	3.00	7796.83	0.29	0.05	109	1.00	Undirected	Unipartite	name voltage dc symbol under_construction latitude longitude country	type name voltage voltage_bus0 voltage_bus1 circuits length p_nom underground under_construction	261 KiB	361 KiB	336 KiB	322 KiB
v0.2	5,843	8,484	2.90	1.58	3.00	7826.74	0.29	0.05	109	1.00	Undirected	Unipartite	name voltage dc symbol under_construction latitude longitude country	type name voltage voltage_bus0 voltage_bus1 circuits length p_nom underground under_construction	264 KiB	368 KiB	344 KiB	329 KiB
v0.3	5,848	8,487	2.90	1.58	3.00	7774.72	0.30	0.05	105	1.00	Undirected	Unipartite	name voltage dc symbol under_construction latitude longitude country	type name voltage voltage_bus0 voltage_bus1 circuits length p_nom underground under_construction	264 KiB	370 KiB	344 KiB	329 KiB
v0.4	5,853	8,495	2.90	1.58	3.00	7786.37	0.30	0.05	105	1.00	Undirected	Unipartite	name voltage dc symbol under_construction latitude longitude country	type name voltage voltage_bus0 voltage_bus1 circuits length p_nom underground under_construction	265 KiB	370 KiB	344 KiB	330 KiB
v0.5	6,722	9,957	2.96	1.73	3.04	7425.88	0.14	0.04	90	1.00	Undirected	Unipartite	name voltage dc symbol under_construction osm_ids latitude longitude country	type name voltage voltage_bus0 voltage_bus1 circuits length p_nom s_nom underground under_construction osm_ids	374 KiB	486 KiB	461 KiB	456 KiB
v0.6	6,737	9,974	2.96	1.73	3.04	7458.32	0.14	0.04	90	1.00	Undirected	Unipartite	name voltage dc symbol under_construction osm_ids latitude longitude country	type name voltage voltage_bus0 voltage_bus1 circuits length p_nom s_nom i_nom r x b line_type underground under_construction osm_ids	575 KiB	671 KiB	646 KiB	649 KiB
v0.7	6,863	10,146	2.96	1.72	2.89	7770.77	0.14	0.04	89	1.00	Undirected	Unipartite	name voltage dc symbol under_construction osm_ids latitude longitude country	type name voltage voltage_bus0 voltage_bus1 circuits length p_nom s_nom i_nom r x b line_type underground under_construction osm_ids	627 KiB	683 KiB	659 KiB	636 KiB

Ridiculograms^*

^* These are automatically generated force-directed visualizations, and can be quite meaningless for networks both big and small. They should not be taken seriously as sources of scientific insight. See here for a discussion.