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intact — IntAct molecular interactions (2026)

Description

The molecular interactions curated by the IntAct database of the European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI), together with those of the other databases of the IMEx consortium that IntAct hosts (e.g. MINT, UniProt, MatrixDB). Curators extract the interactions from the literature and from direct submissions, with details of the experiments in which they were observed. Nodes are interacting molecules (mostly proteins, of any organism, but also nucleic acids, small molecules, complexes, etc.), and an undirected edge is an interaction between two of them. Interactions involving more than two molecules (e.g. complexes pulled down with a bait) are expanded by IntAct into binary interactions, typically between the bait and each of the other molecules ("spoke expansion"). This is the release of 17 October 2026, in the PSI-MITAB format.

There are four networks of the current release:

  • evidence: one edge per binary interaction evidence (an interaction observed in one experiment), so that two molecules can be connected by many edges.
  • clustered: the evidences clustered by IntAct into one edge per pair of molecules, with the MI score summarizing all the evidence for it.
  • evidence_negative, clustered_negative: the same, for the negative interactions, i.e. pairs of molecules reported not to interact.

Interactions of a molecule with itself are self-loops.

The entry also contains the networks of earlier releases, named by their date: evidence_<date> and clustered_<date> (e.g. evidence_2024-11-29), built in the same way. IntAct made about 250 releases since 2006, and the last release of each year from 2008 to 2025 is included: 2008-12-12 (only clustered: the file of that release has one line per pair of molecules), 2009-11-27, 2010-12-15, 2011-11-18, 2012-12-14, 2013-11-20, 2014-12-18, 2015-11-26, 2016-12-12, 2017-12-12, 2018-11-30, 2019-12-16, 2020-12-16, 2021-10-13, 2022-07-11, 2023-10-06, 2024-11-29 and 2025-08-08. The releases of 2006 and 2007 are only available in PSI-MI XML (not in PSI-MITAB), and are not included, nor are the negative interactions of the earlier releases. The files of the earlier releases differ in a few ways: until 2011, they are in the earlier PSI-MITAB 2.5 format, where the short name of a molecule is taken from its first alias (e.g. Lck from uniprotkb:Lck), the expansion method is given as a word (e.g. Spoke), and there are no MI scores (miscore is NaN); the clustered files of 2008 to 2011 merge the evidences for each pair of molecules into one line, whose attributes are the lists of those of the evidences; and the clustered files of 2012 to 2023 (in the simpler 15-column PSI-MITAB 2.5 format) give neither the types of the molecules nor the expansion methods (type and expansion are empty). A few lines of the file of 2008 are broken by line breaks within annotations; they are joined.

The networks have the following properties:

  • id: the identifier of the molecule (e.g. uniprotkb:P49418, chebi:"CHEBI:15422", intact:EBI-...).
  • name: the short name of the molecule (e.g. the gene name AMPH); empty if not given.
  • taxid: the NCBI taxonomy identifier of the molecule's organism (e.g. 9606 for human; negative values for special cases, e.g. -1 for in vitro, -2 for chemical synthesis; 0 if not given).
  • organism: the name of the organism, as given; empty if not given.
  • type: the type of molecule (e.g. protein, small molecule, ribonucleic acid); empty if not given.
  • detection_method (edges): the method(s) with which the interaction was detected (e.g. two hybrid, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation), separated by |.
  • interaction_type (edges): the type(s) of interaction (e.g. physical association, direct interaction, phosphorylation reaction), separated by |.
  • publication (edges): the identifiers of the publications (e.g. pubmed:10542231), separated by |.
  • miscore (edges): the IntAct MI score, a confidence score between 0 and 1 based on the evidence (in evidence, the score of the pair, rounded to two digits); NaN if not given (e.g. in the releases before 2012).
  • interaction_id (edges): the identifier(s) of the interaction evidence(s) in IntAct (e.g. intact:EBI-7121552), separated by |.
  • expansion (edges): the expansion method by which the binary interaction was derived (e.g. spoke expansion); empty if none.
Tags
Biological Protein interactions Weighted Multigraph Metadata
Citation
  • N. del Toro et al., "The IntAct database: efficient access to fine-grained molecular interaction data." Nucleic Acids Research 50, D648-D653 (2022) 10.1093/nar/gkab1006 Sci-Hub
Upstream URL OK
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/intact/
Upstream license
CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Networks
Tip: click on a column header to sort the list, or hover over it for a description.
Column legend
$\left<k\right>$
Mean degree
$\sigma_k$
Standard deviation of the degrees
$\lambda_h$
Largest eigenvalue of the Hashimoto (non-backtracking) matrix
$\tau$
Random walk mixing time
$r$
Degree assortativity
$c$
Global clustering coefficient
$\oslash$
(Pseudo-) diameter
$S$
Relative size of the largest component
NPs
Node properties
EPs
Edge properties
Name Nodes Edges $\left<k\right>$ $\sigma_k$ $\lambda_h$ $\tau$ $r$ $c$ $\oslash$ $S$ Kind Mode NPs EPs gt GraphML GML csv
evidence 146,367 1,815,189 24.80 100.67 224.77 30544.00 -0.01 0.08 24 0.93 Undirected Unipartite id name taxid organism type detection_method interaction_type publication miscore interaction_id expansion 8.4 MiB 15.8 MiB 15.6 MiB 16.3 MiB
clustered 146,461 1,187,800 16.22 52.99 224.75 38614.42 -0.04 0.06 24 0.93 Undirected Unipartite id name taxid organism type detection_method interaction_type publication miscore interaction_id expansion 7.5 MiB 12.5 MiB 12.3 MiB 13.2 MiB
evidence_negative 745 985 2.64 4.39 8.60 81.10 -0.10 0.00 17 0.48 Undirected Unipartite id name taxid organism type detection_method interaction_type publication miscore interaction_id expansion 15 KiB 20 KiB 19 KiB 20 KiB
clustered_negative 745 932 2.50 4.25 8.60 81.13 -0.12 0.00 17 0.48 Undirected Unipartite id name taxid organism type detection_method interaction_type publication miscore interaction_id expansion 14 KiB 19 KiB 18 KiB 20 KiB
clustered_2008-12-12 41,817 151,620 7.25 18.72 69.02 6687.64 -0.07 0.05 27 0.84 Undirected Unipartite id name taxid organism type detection_method interaction_type publication miscore interaction_id expansion 1.8 MiB 2.5 MiB 2.4 MiB 2.6 MiB
evidence_2009-11-27 44,821 202,826 9.05 22.92 69.24 4084.18 -0.03 0.11 27 0.85 Undirected Unipartite id name taxid organism type detection_method interaction_type publication miscore interaction_id expansion 4.6 MiB 5.8 MiB 5.7 MiB 6.5 MiB
clustered_2009-11-27 44,821 160,825 7.18 18.47 69.24 4251.19 -0.07 0.05 27 0.85 Undirected Unipartite id name taxid organism type detection_method interaction_type publication miscore interaction_id expansion 2.0 MiB 2.7 MiB 2.6 MiB 2.8 MiB
evidence_2010-12-15 53,505 275,160 10.29 35.19 120.99 4694.70 -0.03 0.08 27 0.86 Undirected Unipartite id name taxid organism type detection_method interaction_type publication miscore interaction_id expansion 6.3 MiB 7.7 MiB 7.6 MiB 8.7 MiB
clustered_2010-12-15 53,110 212,690 8.01 23.92 121.42 3839.36 -0.06 0.05 27 0.86 Undirected Unipartite id name taxid organism type detection_method interaction_type publication miscore interaction_id expansion 2.5 MiB 3.4 MiB 3.3 MiB 3.6 MiB
evidence_2011-11-18 58,528 290,056 9.91 38.29 118.39 4645.07 -0.03 0.07 25 0.87 Undirected Unipartite id name taxid organism type detection_method interaction_type publication miscore interaction_id expansion 6.6 MiB 8.2 MiB 8.2 MiB 8.9 MiB
clustered_2011-11-18 58,482 231,325 7.91 31.00 118.35 3812.83 -0.05 0.04 25 0.87 Undirected Unipartite id name taxid organism type detection_method interaction_type publication miscore interaction_id expansion 2.8 MiB 3.8 MiB 3.7 MiB 4.0 MiB
evidence_2012-12-14 60,925 304,562 10.00 39.05 116.98 4637.62 -0.04 0.07 25 0.87 Undirected Unipartite id name taxid organism type detection_method interaction_type publication miscore interaction_id expansion 1.5 MiB 2.9 MiB 2.8 MiB 2.9 MiB
clustered_2012-12-14 60,950 237,793 7.80 30.68 116.98 3758.98 -0.05 0.03 25 0.87 Undirected Unipartite id name taxid organism type detection_method interaction_type publication miscore interaction_id expansion 1.6 MiB 2.7 MiB 2.6 MiB 2.8 MiB
evidence_2013-11-20 76,790 436,711 11.37 80.56 122.12 3914.49 -0.04 0.03 25 0.86 Undirected Unipartite id name taxid organism type detection_method interaction_type publication miscore interaction_id expansion 2.4 MiB 4.3 MiB 4.2 MiB 4.5 MiB
clustered_2013-11-20 76,828 302,272 7.87 33.56 122.12 3252.45 -0.06 0.03 25 0.86 Undirected Unipartite id name taxid organism type detection_method interaction_type publication miscore interaction_id expansion 2.3 MiB 3.6 MiB 3.6 MiB 3.9 MiB
evidence_2014-12-18 82,067 475,733 11.59 78.97 122.29 3956.15 -0.04 0.03 25 0.87 Undirected Unipartite id name taxid organism type detection_method interaction_type publication miscore interaction_id expansion 2.6 MiB 4.7 MiB 4.6 MiB 4.9 MiB
clustered_2014-12-18 82,098 330,483 8.05 33.72 122.29 3340.34 -0.06 0.03 25 0.87 Undirected Unipartite id name taxid organism type detection_method interaction_type publication miscore interaction_id expansion 2.5 MiB 4.0 MiB 3.9 MiB 4.2 MiB
evidence_2015-11-26 86,941 577,297 13.28 79.30 122.62 2858.40 -0.03 0.03 25 0.88 Undirected Unipartite id name taxid organism type detection_method interaction_type publication miscore interaction_id expansion 3.0 MiB 5.5 MiB 5.4 MiB 5.8 MiB
clustered_2015-11-26 86,968 390,210 8.97 34.66 122.62 2409.78 -0.06 0.03 25 0.88 Undirected Unipartite id name taxid organism type detection_method interaction_type publication miscore interaction_id expansion 2.9 MiB 4.6 MiB 4.5 MiB 4.9 MiB
evidence_2016-12-12 91,403 658,369 14.41 80.16 123.80 2853.30 -0.03 0.04 25 0.88 Undirected Unipartite id name taxid organism type detection_method interaction_type publication miscore interaction_id expansion 3.5 MiB 6.2 MiB 6.1 MiB 6.7 MiB
clustered_2016-12-12 91,421 432,949 9.47 35.70 123.80 2406.22 -0.06 0.03 25 0.88 Undirected Unipartite id name taxid organism type detection_method interaction_type publication miscore interaction_id expansion 3.2 MiB 5.1 MiB 5.0 MiB 5.5 MiB
evidence_2017-12-12 101,953 794,922 15.59 79.74 128.81 2679.53 -0.03 0.04 25 0.89 Undirected Unipartite id name taxid organism type detection_method interaction_type publication miscore interaction_id expansion 4.3 MiB 7.6 MiB 7.5 MiB 8.2 MiB
clustered_2017-12-12 101,973 505,467 9.91 36.97 128.81 3069.57 -0.07 0.03 25 0.89 Undirected Unipartite id name taxid organism type detection_method interaction_type publication miscore interaction_id expansion 3.8 MiB 6.0 MiB 5.9 MiB 6.5 MiB
evidence_2018-11-30 105,929 872,946 16.48 79.76 127.63 2681.31 -0.03 0.04 25 0.89 Undirected Unipartite id name taxid organism type detection_method interaction_type publication miscore interaction_id expansion 4.6 MiB 8.3 MiB 8.2 MiB 9.0 MiB
clustered_2018-11-30 105,949 561,198 10.59 37.81 127.63 3066.51 -0.07 0.03 25 0.89 Undirected Unipartite id name taxid organism type detection_method interaction_type publication miscore interaction_id expansion 4.1 MiB 6.5 MiB 6.4 MiB 7.1 MiB
evidence_2019-12-16 112,127 1,035,669 18.47 84.56 127.70 2704.38 -0.03 0.04 24 0.90 Undirected Unipartite id name taxid organism type detection_method interaction_type publication miscore interaction_id expansion 5.4 MiB 9.6 MiB 9.5 MiB 10.3 MiB
clustered_2019-12-16 112,151 647,996 11.56 39.88 127.70 3065.30 -0.07 0.03 24 0.90 Undirected Unipartite id name taxid organism type detection_method interaction_type publication miscore interaction_id expansion 4.7 MiB 7.5 MiB 7.3 MiB 8.1 MiB
evidence_2020-12-16 114,876 1,130,596 19.68 90.08 128.76 3359.78 -0.03 0.04 24 0.91 Undirected Unipartite id name taxid organism type detection_method interaction_type publication miscore interaction_id expansion 5.9 MiB 10.4 MiB 10.3 MiB 11.2 MiB
clustered_2020-12-16 114,898 689,167 12.00 40.92 128.75 6092.36 -0.07 0.03 25 0.91 Undirected Unipartite id name taxid organism type detection_method interaction_type publication miscore interaction_id expansion 5.0 MiB 8.0 MiB 7.9 MiB 8.7 MiB
evidence_2021-10-13 118,163 1,155,104 19.55 71.45 134.29 3437.17 -0.03 0.06 24 0.90 Undirected Unipartite id name taxid organism type detection_method interaction_type publication miscore interaction_id expansion 6.0 MiB 10.7 MiB 10.6 MiB 11.5 MiB
clustered_2021-10-13 118,185 710,883 12.03 40.10 134.28 6240.86 -0.07 0.03 24 0.90 Undirected Unipartite id name taxid organism type detection_method interaction_type publication miscore interaction_id expansion 5.2 MiB 8.2 MiB 8.1 MiB 8.9 MiB
evidence_2022-07-11 118,836 1,194,447 20.10 73.00 142.42 3437.38 -0.03 0.06 24 0.90 Undirected Unipartite id name taxid organism type detection_method interaction_type publication miscore interaction_id expansion 6.2 MiB 11.0 MiB 10.9 MiB 11.8 MiB
clustered_2022-07-11 118,861 743,890 12.52 41.48 142.42 6241.81 -0.07 0.03 25 0.90 Undirected Unipartite id name taxid organism type detection_method interaction_type publication miscore interaction_id expansion 5.3 MiB 8.5 MiB 8.3 MiB 9.2 MiB
evidence_2023-10-06 134,418 1,284,457 19.11 87.09 153.63 30955.19 -0.02 0.05 24 0.91 Undirected Unipartite id name taxid organism type detection_method interaction_type publication miscore interaction_id expansion 6.6 MiB 11.9 MiB 11.8 MiB 12.7 MiB
clustered_2023-10-06 134,445 809,918 12.05 41.30 153.63 38930.23 -0.06 0.03 25 0.91 Undirected Unipartite id name taxid organism type detection_method interaction_type publication miscore interaction_id expansion 5.6 MiB 9.2 MiB 9.0 MiB 9.9 MiB
evidence_2024-11-29 143,556 1,630,670 22.72 92.99 203.33 30977.73 -0.01 0.07 24 0.92 Undirected Unipartite id name taxid organism type detection_method interaction_type publication miscore interaction_id expansion 7.6 MiB 14.3 MiB 14.2 MiB 14.8 MiB
clustered_2024-11-29 143,586 1,067,788 14.87 47.81 203.33 39312.29 -0.04 0.06 24 0.92 Undirected Unipartite id name taxid organism type detection_method interaction_type publication miscore interaction_id expansion 6.8 MiB 11.4 MiB 11.2 MiB 12.1 MiB
evidence_2025-08-08 145,274 1,726,476 23.77 96.26 209.95 31043.42 -0.01 0.07 24 0.92 Undirected Unipartite id name taxid organism type detection_method interaction_type publication miscore interaction_id expansion 8.0 MiB 15.1 MiB 14.9 MiB 15.6 MiB
clustered_2025-08-08 145,309 1,136,486 15.64 50.40 209.95 39438.87 -0.04 0.05 24 0.92 Undirected Unipartite id name taxid organism type detection_method interaction_type publication miscore interaction_id expansion 7.1 MiB 12.0 MiB 11.8 MiB 12.7 MiB