open_payments — Open Payments: industry payments to US health care providers (2019-2025)

Description

Payments and other transfers of value from manufacturers of drugs, medical devices and medical supplies, and from group purchasing organizations, to physicians, other health care practitioners (physician assistants, nurse practitioners, ...) and teaching hospitals in the United States, as reported by the companies to the Open Payments program of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS), which publishes them under the Physician Payments Sunshine Act. The networks contain the "general payments" (payments not made in connection with a research agreement: food and beverage, consulting fees, travel, speaker fees, royalties, education, gifts, ...), with one network per program year (the calendar year of the payments), from 2019 to 2025, named after the year (e.g. 2024).

Each network is a bipartite multigraph of the paying companies and the recipients, with a directed edge from a company to a recipient for each payment record, with its date, amount, form, nature and associated product. A record may aggregate several payments of small value (with the number of payments given). The companies are identified by their Open Payments identifier, the physicians and practitioners by their Open Payments profile identifier, and the teaching hospitals by their Open Payments identifier; only the companies and recipients with some payment in the year are included. The records are those of the publication of June 2026 (the data are refreshed by CMS at least once a year, with corrections and disputes resolved by the recipients, so that the data of a year change between publications). The years 2013 to 2018, which are no longer part of the current publication of CMS, are not included, and neither are the research payments, the ownership and investment interests, the addresses of the recipients and companies, the payments to third parties (only their flag), and the products other than the first one listed with each payment.

The networks have the following properties:

(Node) is_company: whether the node is a paying company (otherwise it is a recipient).
(Node) id: the Open Payments identifier of the company, the profile identifier of the physician or practitioner, or the identifier of the teaching hospital.
(Node) name: the name of the company or of the teaching hospital, or the name of the physician or practitioner (first, middle and last names, and suffix).
(Node) kind: Company, Physician, Non-Physician Practitioner or Teaching Hospital.
(Node) npi (physicians and practitioners): the National Provider Identifier of the recipient (0 if not given, and for the other nodes).
(Node) ccn (teaching hospitals): the CMS Certification Number of the hospital (empty for the other nodes).
(Node) city (recipients), state, country: the location of the recipient (its primary business address), or the state and country of the company.
(Node) primary_type (physicians and practitioners): the first primary type of the recipient (e.g. Medical Doctor, Nurse Practitioner).
(Node) specialty (physicians and practitioners): the first specialty of the recipient, as a path of the provider taxonomy (e.g. Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Family Medicine).
(Edge) time: the date of the payment (of the first payment if several are aggregated), as the Unix time of its beginning (midnight UTC).
(Edge) amount: the total amount of the payment, in US dollars.
(Edge) payments: the number of payments included in the record.
(Edge) form: the form of payment (e.g. Cash or cash equivalent, In-kind items and services, Stock).
(Edge) nature: the nature of the payment (e.g. Food and Beverage, Consulting Fee, Travel and Lodging, Royalty or License).
(Edge) product: the name of the (first) drug, device or supply associated with the payment (empty if none).
(Edge) product_type: the type of that product (Drug, Biological, Device, Medical Supply, or empty).
(Edge) third_party: the indicator of payments to a third party at the request of the recipient (e.g. No Third Party Payment, Entity, Individual).
(Edge) record_id: the identifier of the record in Open Payments.

Tags

Economic Public Health Bipartite Multigraph Weighted Temporal Timestamps Metadata

Added

2026-10-28

Citation

Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, "Open Payments: General Payment Data." Publication of June 30, 2026 (program years 2019-2025) openpaymentsdata.cms.gov

Upstream URL OK

https://openpaymentsdata.cms.gov/
https://download.cms.gov/openpayments/

Upstream license

Public domain (US government work), https://www.usa.gov/government-works

Networks

Tip: click on a column header to sort the list, or hover over it for a description.

Column legend

$\left<k\right>$: Mean degree
$\sigma_k$: Standard deviation of the degrees
$\lambda_h$: Largest eigenvalue of the Hashimoto (non-backtracking) matrix
$\tau$: Random walk mixing time
$r$: Degree assortativity
$c$: Global clustering coefficient
$\oslash$: (Pseudo-) diameter
$S$: Relative size of the largest component
NPs: Node properties
EPs: Edge properties

Name	Nodes	Edges	$\left<k\right>$	$\sigma_k$	$\lambda_h$	$\tau$	$r$	$\oslash$	$S$	Kind	Mode	NPs	EPs	gt	GraphML	GML	csv
2019	628,023	10,558,933	16.81	1747.47	643.01	62.27	-0.39	11	1.00	Directed	Bipartite	is_company id name kind npi ccn city state country primary_type specialty	time amount payments form nature product product_type third_party record_id	97.2 MiB	169.7 MiB	161.2 MiB	177.7 MiB
2020	494,986	5,851,438	11.82	1165.20	520.64	67.69	-0.36	12	1.00	Directed	Bipartite	is_company id name kind npi ccn city state country primary_type specialty	time amount payments form nature product product_type third_party record_id	55.5 MiB	96.6 MiB	91.9 MiB	100.9 MiB
2021	775,170	11,558,469	14.91	2117.68	719.06	71.00	-0.22	10	1.00	Directed	Bipartite	is_company id name kind npi ccn city state country primary_type specialty	time amount payments form nature product product_type third_party record_id	106.2 MiB	188.8 MiB	179.7 MiB	196.7 MiB
2022	871,471	13,322,266	15.29	2267.25	743.65	80.68	-0.21	12	1.00	Directed	Bipartite	is_company id name kind npi ccn city state country primary_type specialty	time amount payments form nature product product_type third_party record_id	122.8 MiB	217.9 MiB	207.4 MiB	227.8 MiB
2023	942,822	14,734,121	15.63	2447.04	779.41	179.02	-0.20	10	1.00	Directed	Bipartite	is_company id name kind npi ccn city state country primary_type specialty	time amount payments form nature product product_type third_party record_id	138.6 MiB	242.5 MiB	230.6 MiB	253.4 MiB
2024	992,102	15,498,687	15.62	2421.18	789.46	66.47	-0.21	10	1.00	Directed	Bipartite	is_company id name kind npi ccn city state country primary_type specialty	time amount payments form nature product product_type third_party record_id	144.8 MiB	254.1 MiB	242.2 MiB	266.8 MiB
2025	1,025,628	16,131,856	15.73	2356.32	789.13	86.01	-0.21	10	1.00	Directed	Bipartite	is_company id name kind npi ccn city state country primary_type specialty	time amount payments form nature product product_type third_party record_id	150.1 MiB	264.2 MiB	251.8 MiB	278.1 MiB